Par Laurent Dubrueil et Francis Fukuyama…
La dictature des identités. 2019
Bienvenue dans le monde de la politique d’identité, qui, d’Amérique jusqu’ici, est en passe de devenir notre horizon commun. Selon la bonne nouvelle identitaire répandue chaque seconde par le brouhaha de la communication et le babil des «réseaux sociaux», nous agissons, vivons et pensons en tant que catégories, au besoin croisées (par exemple homme blanc juif, LGTBQIA) et volontiers blessées.
Comme le révèle son expérience américaine et préfiguratrice, qui diffuse à partir du foyer des universités, la politique d’identité conforte l’avènement d’un despotisme démocratisé, où le pouvoir autoritaire n’est plus entre les seules mains du tyran, du parti ou de l’État, mais à la portée d’êtres manufacturés et interconnectés que traversent des types de désirs totalitaires. Cet ordre mondialisé est une dictature moralisatrice qui distribue les prébendes en fonction du même, qui remplace le dialogue par le soliloque plaintif et la vocifération, qui interdit, qui censure l’inattendu – dont les arts – au nom du déjà-dit et des comme-nous.
Malgré son succès grandissant, une telle entreprise peut encore être défaite, à condition, du moins, d’en vouloir comprendre les manifestations contemporaines. Lien
Identity – The demand for dignity and the politics of resentment. 2018
The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole.
Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.
Identity is an urgent and necessary book―a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict. Lien